{"id":35714,"date":"2024-04-12T12:30:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T09:30:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/?p=35714"},"modified":"2024-04-12T12:30:42","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T09:30:42","slug":"antroposene-yerelden-bakmak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/","title":{"rendered":"Antroposen\u2019e yerelden bakmak"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bar\u0131\u015f Onur \u00d6rs*<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yerelin yerine merkezin, \u00e7o\u011fulun yerine tekilin, farkl\u0131n\u0131n yerine ayn\u0131n\u0131n, yatay\u0131n yerine dikeyin, k\u0131vr\u0131m\u0131n yerine k\u00f6\u015fenin, yava\u015f\u0131n yerine h\u0131zl\u0131n\u0131n, niteli\u011fin yerine niceli\u011fin, yetinmenin yerine israf\u0131n, k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yerine kentlili\u011fin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi, do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131n \u201ckaynak\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir \u00e7a\u011fday\u0131z. Bu \u00e7a\u011fda sular bo\u015fa akmaz, a\u011fa\u00e7lar kendi ba\u015f\u0131na nefes alamaz. John Zerzan\u2019\u0131n dedi\u011fi \u00fczere, tabiat adeta zarur\u00ee \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00fczeredir.<\/p>\n

Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 ve kal\u0131c\u0131 jeolojik-atmosferik de\u011fi\u015fimler yaratan bu \u00e7a\u011f g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan Antroposen olarak isimlendiriliyor. Yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde kabul g\u00f6r\u00fcp kullan\u0131lan bu terim \u201cinsan\u201d manas\u0131na gelen Yunanca \u201canthropos\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fcnden t\u00fcretilmi\u015f olup \u201cinsan \u00e7a\u011f\u0131\u201d manas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yor. Ama bu terimi kullanarak yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde milyonlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan insan tipinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcne ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n tali olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen, \u00fcstelik antropojenik tesirleri g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan k\u00fclt\u00fcrlere haks\u0131zl\u0131k yap\u0131yor olabilir miyiz?<\/p>\n

ANTROPOSEN\u2019DE \u0130KL\u0130M ADALET\u0130 VE SINIRSIZ \u0130STEKLER<\/b><\/p>\n

Prehistorik periyotlara hi\u00e7 gitmeden, bilinen birinci yerle\u015fik toplumlardan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze uzanan vakit dilimini baz ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda bile, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6rt bir noktas\u0131nda s\u00fcrmekte olan birbirinden farkl\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc tek bir insanl\u0131k durumu kategorisi i\u00e7inde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, bir insanl\u0131k monok\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kan\u0131ksama riskiyle ba\u015f ba\u015fa kal\u0131r\u0131z. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cyoksul\u201d kesitini olu\u015fturan, global \u0131s\u0131nmadaki rol\u00fc ihmal edilebilecek milyarlarca insan ile karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131ndan temel olarak sorumlu olan milyonlarca Avrupa ya da Kuzey Amerika vatanda\u015f\u0131na e\u015fit sorumluluk y\u00fckleme riskiyle\u2026 Ya da gezegenin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda, \u00e7eperlerde, g\u00f6rece \u00f6zerk d\u00f6ng\u00fclere sahip mahall\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ile merkezde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yutak \u00fczere duran t\u00fcketim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc e\u015fitleme riskiyle\u2026 \u015eayet i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz y\u0131k\u0131ma \u201cinsan\u201d neden olduysa ve biz de \u201cinsansak\u201d, sorunun bir kesimi olmaktan \u00f6b\u00fcr deva kalmaz elimizde. Ve en uygun ihtimalle \u00f6m\u00fcr h\u0131zlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yava\u015flatmak, devinimlerimizi durdurmak ya da azaltmak \u00fczere ki\u015fisel se\u00e7enekler \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015f\u0131rken buluruz kendimizi. D\u00fcnyada en a\u011f\u0131r su ve g\u00fc\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n kelam konusu oldu\u011fu tar\u0131m ve sanayiyi bahis etmeden, bireylere tav\u0131rl\u0131 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sal\u0131k verebiliriz \u00f6rne\u011fin. B\u00fcy\u00fcme, ilerleme, geli\u015fme, kalk\u0131nma \u00fczere isimlerle sunulan uygarl\u0131k \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerini pe\u015finen kabul ederek y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu gezegenin b\u00fct\u00fcn bireylerine e\u015fit bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00fckleyebiliriz. Ve sonu\u00e7ta Fredric Jameson\u2019\u0131n deyi\u015fiyle \u201cgezegenin sonunu hayal etmenin kapitalizmin sonunu hayal etmekten daha kolay oldu\u011fu\u201d bir durumda bulabiliriz kendimizi!<\/p>\n

\u0130ngiltere merkezli Cambridge S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik Komisyonu\u2019nun BM bilgilerine dayand\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 2021 tarihli bir rapor, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en varl\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fczde 1\u2019lik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn neden oldu\u011fu karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en fakir y\u00fczde 50\u2019lik kesitinden iki kat daha fazla oldu\u011funu belirtir. En g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00fczde 5\u2019lik kesim ise 1990- 2015 ortas\u0131ndaki karbon emisyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 37\u2019sinden sorumludur. \u00dcstelik global \u0131s\u0131nmadaki sorumlulu\u011fu en az olan fakir \u00fclkelerde ya\u015fayan halklar, yani d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, global \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n tesirlerinden en fazla ziyan g\u00f6ren b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kazda\u011flar\u0131\u2019nda alt\u0131n madeni i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n durduruldu\u011fu zirve ve simgele\u015fmi\u015f bir
tek a\u011fa\u00e7. <\/figure>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu bilgiler, \u201cpeki ne yap\u0131lmal\u0131?\u201d sorusuna verilen en tan\u0131nan ve kestir[1]me yan\u0131t\u0131 d\u0131\u015flar: N\u00fcfusu azaltmak. \u0130nsan n\u00fcfusunu azaltmak, t\u00fcketimi azaltmaktan daha makul bir se\u00e7enek olarak tart\u0131\u015fmalarda kendine yer bulabiliyor. Buradan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir pencere a\u00e7acak olursak; pekala neden t\u00fcketimi azaltal\u0131m demekte bu kadar ikircikliyiz? Zira g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde savurganl\u0131\u011f\u0131, katlanarak artan s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z isteklerimizi \u201cihtiya\u00e7\u201d olarak isimlendirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131k. Rastgele bir \u201c\u0130ktisada Giri\u015f\u201d kitab\u0131n\u0131n birinci sayfas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda insan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z muhta\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131 ile kaynaklar\u0131n sonlulu\u011funa g\u00f6nderme yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz ve iktisat bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 a\u015fman\u0131n bilimi olarak \u00e7\u0131kar kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za. Yani h\u00e2kim paradigma, gereksinimlerin s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fal bir olgu olarak kabul ederken, kaynak olarak isimlendirdi\u011fi do\u011fal varl\u0131klar\u0131n sonlulu\u011funu a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir sorun olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylelikle doymak bilmezlik kanaatk\u00e2rl\u0131\u011fa, eksiklik yeterlili\u011fe ve tasar[1]lanm\u0131\u015f olan do\u011fal olana bask\u0131n gelir ve doyumsuz istekler \u201cihtiya\u00e7\u201d ismi alt\u0131nda aklile\u015ftirilerek ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin taraf\u0131 tayin edilmi\u015f olur. S\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n istikameti elbette hudutlara do\u011frudur. Hudutlar \u00e7eperlerde, k\u0131rlarda, yaban\u0131l co\u011frafyalarda, mikrok\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde, kapal\u0131 topluluklar\u0131n kapal\u0131 ekonomilerinde, merkezden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak devinimini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmekte olan \u00f6zerk yap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ve yerelliktedir. B\u00fcy\u00fcmenin taraf\u0131, \u201cmaliyeti s\u0131f\u0131r\u201d olarak kabul edilen do\u011fal varl\u0131klara do\u011frudur ve s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z istekler \u00fczerinden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015f iktisat, b\u00fct\u00fcn bu \u201cd\u0131\u015fsall\u0131klar\u0131\u201d i\u00e7ererek ilerler.<\/p>\n

Bu ilerleyi\u015fin i\u00e7inde do\u011fal varl\u0131klar \u201ckaynak\u201d, tabiat ise merkezden bir bak\u0131\u015f\u0131 yans\u0131tan \u201c\u00e7evre\u201d ismini al\u0131r. D\u0131\u015far\u0131ya, yani \u201c\u00e7evreye\u201d ger\u00e7ek at\u0131lan her ad\u0131m, i\u015fgalin akabinde zafer havas\u0131nda bir muvaffakiyet g\u00f6stergesi, bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve geli\u015fmi\u015flik \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc ya da uygarla\u015fma olarak sunulur. Daha sonra Gayri Safi Ulusal Has\u0131la (GSMH) gibisi ekonomik tabirlerle isimlendirilerek elde edilen \u201cganimet\u201d, merkezde ya\u015fayanlara e\u015fit olmayan formda hisse edilir. Y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca da ilerleme, kalk\u0131nma ya da \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma \u00fczere isimlerle rasyonalize edilen, me\u011fer tabiata kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fman hukuku uygulanarak s\u00fcregiden bu hoyrat iktisat modelinin kendisinden \u00e7ok, do\u011fal alanlardan elde edilen \u201cganimetlerin\u201d e\u015fit payla\u015f\u0131lmamas\u0131na itiraz etmi\u015ftir kentliler. Ta ki yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011fine hakikat, g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcms\u00fcz \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle birlikte bu maliyet kaleminin \u201cs\u0131f\u0131r\u201d olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lana dek.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde art\u0131k, son 12 bin y\u0131ld\u0131r \u0131l\u0131man, ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131, istikrarl\u0131 ve \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu kabul edilen Holosen devrinin akabinde, insan cinsinin tesiri sonucu gezegenin \u00e7ok \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131 ve ani iklim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle kal\u0131c\u0131 bir dengesizli\u011fe evrilen i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz vakit dilimini, ba\u015fka dilimlerden net bir halde ay\u0131rma muhta\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyuyoruz. Bu vakit dilimini isimlendirmede Kapitalosen \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok alternatif \u00f6nerilmi\u015fse de Antroposen kullan\u0131m\u0131 bug\u00fcn bilim insanlar\u0131nca yayg\u0131n bir bi\u00e7imde kabul edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

YEREL\u0130 VE M\u00dc\u015eTEREKLER\u0130 SAVUNMAK<\/b><\/p>\n

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler D\u00fcnya N\u00fcfus Fonu\u2019na nazaran bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 k\u0131rsalda ya\u015f\u0131yor. Bu oran 1900\u2019lerin ba\u015f\u0131ndan g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze dek kentlilik lehine artsa da \u00fclke baz\u0131nda grafiklere bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, do\u011frusal bir y\u00fckseli\u015fin akabinde, bu art\u0131\u015fta bir diren\u00e7 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kentli-k\u00f6yl\u00fc oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 50\u2019ye gelip dayanmas\u0131 ve bu sonda k\u0131ymetli bir diren\u00e7le m\u00fcsabakas\u0131, nicel birikimin akabinde niteliksel bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn arifesinde oldu\u011fumuzu duyurur \u00fczere. Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme, merkezden \u00e7eperlere, kentlerden k\u0131rlara hakikat, vadileri, ormanlar\u0131 sarart\u0131p \u015firketleri ye\u015ferterek s\u00fcr\u00fcp giderken, k\u0131rlarda, \u00e7eperlerde, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan \u201cd\u0131\u015fsalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan\u201d yerlerde k\u0131ymetli bir diren\u00e7le kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Bu direncin bir k\u0131sm\u0131 sistemin i\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u015fkilerinden, kimi do\u011fal mahzurlardan, kimi de merkeze entegre edilememi\u015f halklar\u0131n yerle\u015fik k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden kaynaklan\u0131r. Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u00f6\u011felerin izlerini bazen kent \u00e7eperlerindeki mahalle dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, ortak \u00fcretim pratiklerinde ya da aile \u00fcretimi \u00fcslubundaki ekonomik i\u015ftiraklerde yakalamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Fakat en \u00e7ok k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerde y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca jenerasyondan nesile aktar\u0131lan, \u201ck\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck\u201d olarak tan\u0131m edilen \u00f6m\u00fcr prati\u011finin i\u00e7inde kendine yer bulur. Bu direnci, en genel haliyle mahall\u00ee k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn metala\u015fmaya kar\u015f\u0131 verdi\u011fi bir diren\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00c7ift\u00e7i \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc ya da yayg\u0131n bilinen ismiyle La
Via Campesina. <\/figure>\n

\u00dcretim pratiklerinde kaynak taban\u0131 meta olmayan \u00f6gelerden olu\u015fan k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck sisteminin \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 da metala\u015fmayla daha az ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r (J. D. Ploeg). Bu bak\u0131mdan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fik co\u011frafyalar\u0131ndaki lokal k\u00fclt\u00fcrler ve \u00fcretim pratikleri ortas\u0131nda benzerlikler buluruz. \u201cYerellik\u201d ya da gibisi bir kullan\u0131m\u0131n, b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn kendine has \u00f6zelliklere sahip \u00f6zg\u00fcl yerleri ve alaka a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fitleme riskini g\u00f6ze alarak, birtak\u0131m ortak \u00f6zellikleri ortaya koymak, yerelli\u011fin biricikli\u011fini vurgulamak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan de\u011ferlidir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, yerelli\u011fin biricikli\u011fi asl\u0131nda farkl\u0131 yerellerin ortak bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Tam da bu \u00f6zg\u00fcnl\u00fck sayesinde farkl\u0131l\u0131k ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe dayal\u0131 birliktelikler kurabilmemiz ve her \u015feyi nicelleyerek merkeze toplayan mevcut iktisadi ak\u0131lsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda genel ge\u00e7er olmayan tahliller bulmam\u0131z m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalar\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131 mikrok\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin sahip oldu\u011fu ortak paydalar, lokal halklar\u0131n mevcut ekonomik paradigma kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 de ortakla\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerin kendi \u00f6zg\u00fcn kimlikleriyle dahil olabilecekleri D\u00fcnya \u00c7ift\u00e7i \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc \u00fczere yerelli\u011fi ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7ili\u011fi savunan global birlikteliklerin olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bizi kim doyuracak, ETC Group, 2009. <\/figure>\n

K\u00fcreselden yerele bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda yerelin ikincil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi riski vard\u0131r. Ancak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn i\u00e7inden b\u00fcy\u00fck olana, yerelden globale ya da Antroposen\u2019e bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda de\u011fi\u015fim yaratacak g\u00fcc\u00fc bulabiliriz kendimizde. Yuvam\u0131z yerelliktedir. Yuvadaysak yuvam\u0131z\u0131 derleyip toparlayabilir ve lakin yuvadaysak \u00f6teki yuvalarla bulu\u015fup birliktelikler kurabiliriz. Halbuki yuvam\u0131zdan kopar\u0131lm\u0131\u015fsak; s\u00f6zgelimi kendi ba\u015f\u0131na akan bir dere iken borulara al\u0131n\u0131p bir merkezde birikmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015fsak, do\u011fal bir varl\u0131k iken art\u0131k birer kaynak olmu\u015fsak, turist \u00fczere hissetti\u011fimiz gezegenimizdeki de\u011fi\u015fimlere daha az reaksiyon verir, geleceksizli\u011fimizi derin bir kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131kla per\u00e7inleriz. \u0130\u015fte Antroposen, yuvadan uzakla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcd\u00fcr. O halde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken, s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n imk\u00e2ns\u0131z doruklar\u0131nda sal\u0131nmak yerine yuvaya yine yerle\u015fmek olacakt\u0131r. Antroposen\u2019e yerelden bakmak buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Bu yaz\u0131n\u0131n temel sav\u0131 s\u0131rf yerelin savunulmas\u0131 de\u011fil, birebir vakitte yerelin yine yarat\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019i besinlerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu k\u00f6yl\u00fc besin a\u011f\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. K\u00f6yl\u00fc besin a\u011f\u0131 tabiri ekseriyetle, ailelerin yahut bayanlar\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00fcreticileri tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu tarifin i\u00e7inde \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k yapanlar, \u00e7obanlar, avc\u0131lar, toplay\u0131c\u0131lar, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131lar, kentli ve yar\u0131 kentli \u00fcreticiler de bulunur. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30\u2019u ise \u00fcretim girdilerinden t\u00fcketim \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131na dek uzanan ticari s\u00fcre\u00e7leri tabir eden End\u00fcstriyel besin zincirinden beslenmekte. K\u00f6yl\u00fc besin a\u011f\u0131, toprak, su, fosil yak\u0131t \u00fczere kaynaklar\u0131n y\u00fczde 25\u2019inden az\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken End\u00fcstriyel besin zinciri bu kaynaklar\u0131n en az y\u00fczde 75\u2019ini kullanmakta olup toplam zira\u00ee kaynakl\u0131 sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 90\u2019\u0131ndan sorumlu. Bu \u015fimdiki datalar, tez edildi\u011fi \u00fczere end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m\u0131n a\u00e7l\u0131k s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmeye yetmeyece\u011fini, tersine kaynaklar\u0131 t\u00fcketip yoksullu\u011fu derinle\u015ftirerek besin arz teminat\u0131n\u0131 tehdit etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermeye k\u00e2fi.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6yl\u00fc besin a\u011f\u0131, bitkilerden hayvanlara, bal\u0131klardan ormanlara kadar biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi end\u00fcstriyel zincire nazaran on ila y\u00fcz kat daha fazla besler ve ba\u015fta ani iklim de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri olmak \u00fczere her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kriz durumunda end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma nazaran daha fazla esneklik g\u00f6sterir. B\u00fcy\u00fck kapasiteli ve tek tarafl\u0131 besin \u00fcretimine nazaran \u015fekillenmi\u015f olan end\u00fcstriyel besin \u00fcretimi ise \u00e7ok daha k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, ormans\u0131zla\u015fmaya ve toprakta verimlilik kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak ekosistemleri tehdit eder. Global iklim de\u011fi\u015fiminden en az k\u0131rsaldakiler sorumluyken iklim de\u011fi\u015fiminden direkt etkilenenler tekrar k\u0131rsalda ya\u015fayan halklard\u0131r. Ne var ki b\u00fct\u00fcn bu ani de\u011fi\u015fikliklere diren\u00e7 ya da ahenk g\u00f6sterebilecek olan da k\u00f6yl\u00fc besin a\u011f\u0131 yahut k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck sistemi olarak tan\u0131m edilen sosyok\u00fclt\u00fcrel sistemlerdir.<\/p>\n

Manisa, T\u00fcrkmenk\u00f6y\u2019de imece. <\/figure>\n

Yerellik, k\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck ya da k\u0131rsal k\u00fclt\u00fcrden bahsetti\u011fimizde asl\u0131nda fizik\u00ee bir pozisyon belirtmi\u015f oluruz. Yabana, yaban\u0131l ekosistemlere, k\u00fclt\u00fcre al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015f do\u011fal alanlara daha yak\u0131n ve bu alanlarla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan \u00f6m\u00fcr pratiklerini be[1]timleriz. D\u0131\u015f etmenlere daha a\u00e7\u0131k, tabiat olaylar\u0131ndan daha \u00e7ok etkilenen ve bu taraf\u0131yla do\u011fal s\u00fcre\u00e7lerle i\u015f birli\u011fi yapmak zorunda olan bir sistemi kastederiz. K\u00f6yl\u00fcl\u00fck sistemi, y\u00f6reye mahsus bilgilerin jenerasyondan nesile transferiyle, olumsuz do\u011fal etmenleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve kanaatk\u00e2r \u00fcretimi sa\u011flayacak bir avantaja d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. End\u00fcstriyel besin zincirinin tersine \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde kaynaklarla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir ba\u011f kuran, g\u00fcbre, yak\u0131t, do\u011fal ila\u00e7lar \u00fczere \u00fcretim girdilerini d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel olarak sa\u011flayan ve b\u00f6ylelikle \u00fcretim maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrerek k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli, ge\u00e7imlik ekonomiyi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lan ortak bir k\u0131rsal mirast\u0131r kelam konusu olan. Emek olarak aile, topluluk ya da imece formunda \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen, eserlerin \u00f6ncelikle aile ya da topluluk i\u00e7inde, akabinde yak\u0131n etrafta ya da lokal pazarlarda sirk\u00fclasyona girdi\u011fi bir miras.<\/p>\n

K\u0131rsal alanlar\u0131 \u00e7epe\u00e7evre ku\u015fatan, farkl\u0131 y\u00fckseklik, \u0131s\u0131 ve nem \u015fartlar\u0131na, toprak yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip alanlar, biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe imk\u00e2n veren birbirinden farkl\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131z mikroiklim yarat\u0131r. Bu alanlar iklim de\u011fi\u015fikliklerine kar\u015f\u0131 ekolojik diren\u00e7 alanlar\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeye mahsus \u00fcretim pratikleri sergileyen, y\u00f6renin bilgisini koruyup aktaran k\u0131rsal k\u00fclt\u00fcrler de d\u00fcnyada besin \u00fcretiminin sigortas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur. K\u0131rsal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc var eden iki temel \u00f6genin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fck ve \u00e7e\u015fitlilik oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Fizik\u00ee hudutlar \u00fcretimin niteli\u011fini ve \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fini belirlerken k\u00fclt\u00fcrel bir \u00e7e\u015fitlilik de yaratm\u0131\u015f olur. Tohumlar, biny\u0131llar boyunca bu \u00e7e\u015fitlilik sayesinde korunmu\u015f ve yapay se\u00e7ilimle farkl\u0131 y\u00f6relere uyumlu hale getirilmi\u015ftir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7iler iklim \u015fartlar\u0131na nazaran ne \u00fcreteceklerine ya da neyi tabiattan toplay\u0131p i\u015fleyeceklerine karar verme esnekli\u011fine sahip olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretime ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bu esneklik, ekstrem \u015fartlarda \u00fcretim kalemlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirebilmelerine ve do\u011fal \u015fartlara en uyumlu eserleri yeti\u015ftirebilmelerine imkan tan\u0131r. Halbuki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 ve az say\u0131da esere odaklanm\u0131\u015f besin sanayisi, b\u00fct\u00fcn yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 tek bir alana yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ekstrem \u015fartlarda \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imini ve eser \u00e7e\u015fidini de\u011fi\u015ftiremez. Bu y\u00fczden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131ma entegre olmu\u015f global bir besin sistemi, kriz anlar\u0131nda besin arz teminat\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir tehdit olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z global salg\u0131n ve sava\u015f \u00fczere durumlar global besin sisteminin ne kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgan oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015f olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, merkezi ba\u011flant\u0131lardan g\u00f6rece uzakta, s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 da\u011flara, ormanlara dayayan ve besin \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde \u00f6zerk olan halklar, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yan\u0131nda mevcut iktisadi sistemin amac\u0131nda olup topraks\u0131zla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya ve m\u00fclks\u00fczle\u015ftirilmeye devam ediyor. Tohumun, kadim \u00fcretim \u00fcsluplar\u0131n\u0131n bilgisini koruyan ve d\u00fcnya besin \u00fcretiminin sigortas\u0131 olan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ift\u00e7iler, neoliberal siyasetler sonucunda, kentlerin \u00e7eperlerinde ya\u015famaya mahk\u00fbm edilerek end\u00fcstriyel zinciri besleyen teminats\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu manada K\u00f6yl\u00fc besin a\u011f\u0131 olarak s\u00f6z etti\u011fimiz sosyoekonomik yap\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan, fakir olmakla birlikte karbon ayak izi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan global \u0131s\u0131nmadaki sorumlulu\u011fu en az olan k\u0131s\u0131mlara daha yak\u0131n yahut bu k\u0131s\u0131mlarla i\u00e7 i\u00e7e olan bir m\u00fcnasebet a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor.<\/p>\n

HIZLI YAVA\u015eLAMA, B\u00dcY\u00dcK K\u00dc\u00c7\u00dcLME, GLOBAL YERELLE\u015eME<\/b><\/p>\n

Antroposen\u2019in ne vakit ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair tart\u0131\u015fmalar s\u00fcr\u00fcp gitse de gezegenimizin kabul edilebilir bir istikrar i\u00e7inde muhakkak bir e\u015fi\u011fe kadar var olmas\u0131nda, k\u0131rsal k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n k\u0131ymetli bir rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne s\u00fcrebiliriz. Kimi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan 18\u2019inci y\u00fczy\u0131l dolaylar\u0131nda Sanayi Devrimi\u2019ne, baz\u0131lar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2\u2019nci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan sonraki b\u00fcy\u00fck h\u0131zlanma evresine dayand\u0131r\u0131lan bu e\u015fik, ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 hangi tarihte olursa olsun, tabiat\u0131n ve k\u0131rsal k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn art\u0131k b\u00fcsb\u00fct\u00fcn ikincil olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ideolojik bir d\u00fczlemle \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte de geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 eko-k\u0131r\u0131mlara dair bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rnek bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn; ama birinci kere b\u00f6ylesine global, e\u015fg\u00fcd\u00fcml\u00fc, s\u00fcratli ve kan\u0131ksanm\u0131\u015f bir y\u0131k\u0131mla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fumuzu kabul etmek durumunday\u0131z. Bu y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n izlerini kent merkezlerinde, \u015febekeye ba\u011fl\u0131, kapal\u0131 formda s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz hayatlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u00e7inde, do\u011fal d\u00f6ng\u00fclerin vaktinden kopar\u0131larak e\u015fit \u00fcnitelere b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerimizde g\u00f6rmemiz pek kolay olmayabilir. Ekranlarda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz global \u0131s\u0131nma grafiklerinin ya da istatistiklerin tesiri de sonlu olaca\u011f\u0131na nazaran, Antroposen\u2019i en fazla apans\u0131z\u0131n artan besin fiyatlar\u0131yla yahut \u00e7\u00f6ken bir otoyol y\u00fcz\u00fcnden bir g\u00fcn i\u015fimize gecikti\u011fimizde kavrayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Yanan bir yuva. <\/figure>\n

Oysa k\u0131rsal n\u00fcfus g\u00fcnbeg\u00fcn fark\u0131ndad\u0131r bu de\u011fi\u015fimlerin. Azalan yer alt\u0131 sular\u0131ndan, kuruyan derelerden, havada gezinen ancak bir t\u00fcrl\u00fc topra\u011fa d\u00fc\u015fmeyen ya\u011fmurdan, ormana geri d\u00f6nmeyen nemden, kovanlara eli bo\u015f d\u00f6nen ar\u0131lardan, ani b\u00f6cek istilalar\u0131ndan, yang\u0131nlardan, su bask\u0131nlar\u0131yla azalan verimli toprak katman\u0131ndan, artan yem ve g\u00fcbre fiyatlar\u0131ndan, kaynaklara hamle eden \u015firketlerden, kep\u00e7e ve h\u0131zar seslerinden, k\u00f6ylere ger\u00e7ek y\u00fcr\u00fcyen kentlerden, soylula\u015ft\u0131rma ile el de\u011fi\u015ftiren yerlerden ve hobi bah\u00e7elerinden\u2026 Yuvadan ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kopar\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir hik\u00e2yesiyse \u015fayet Antroposen, bug\u00fcn yuvam\u0131z\u0131 tamamen kaybetmek \u00fczere oldu\u011fumuzu, hatta global \u015firketlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunmu\u015f m\u00fclteciler oldu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. Etraf\u0131m\u0131zdaki ani de\u011fi\u015fikliklere e\u015flik eden haf\u0131za kayb\u0131, geleceksizlik hissi, duyars\u0131zl\u0131k, eylemsizlik, doymak bilmezlik ve \u00e7ok ki\u015fisellik, yuvadan kopu\u015fumuzu i\u015faret eden muhakkak ba\u015fl\u0131 semptomlar olmal\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131da sayd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yerele dair ortak \u00f6zellikler asl\u0131nda ya\u015fama dair temel prensipleri duyurur ve bizlere Antroposen\u2019de ne yapmam\u0131z gerekti\u011fine dair ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 verir: K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fck, sonluluk, sadelik, \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k, b\u00fct\u00fcnsellik, d\u00f6ng\u00fcsellik, tutumluluk, \u00f6zerklik, kendine yeterlilik, dayan\u0131\u015fma k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc, m\u00fc\u015fterekleri g\u00f6zetme\u2026 Ama bug\u00fcn b\u00fct\u00fcn bu prensipleri hayata ge\u00e7irebilmek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7mi\u015ftekinden daha farkl\u0131 yollar izlemeliyiz. Zira bunlar\u0131 \u00f6z\u00fcmsemeden hayata ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir ge\u00e7mi\u015fe d\u00f6nme iste\u011fi i\u00e7inde sal\u0131nmam\u0131za neden olabilir ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131z ge\u00e7mi\u015f, en az imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir gelecek kadar tehlikelidir.<\/p>\n

Yine emsal formda \u00f6z\u00fcmsenmemi\u015f, b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckten ve toplumsall\u0131ktan kopuk \u201cucuz\u201d bir do\u011faseverlik ya da \u201ck\u0131r oryantalizmi\u201d olarak tabir edilebilecek yerelin \u00e7ok romantizasyonu, y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n sorumlusu olan global \u015firketlerin \u201cye\u015file boyanmas\u0131na\u201d katk\u0131da bulunmam\u0131za yol a\u00e7abilir. O halde yuvaya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn, yuvam\u0131z\u0131 hat\u0131rlaman\u0131n, hat\u0131rlatman\u0131n ya da yuvam\u0131z\u0131 yine yaratman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken daha dikkatli olmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu t\u00fcrl\u00fc bir fark\u0131ndal\u0131k i\u00e7erisine girdi\u011fimizde, kentliler olarak k\u0131rsal alanlarda birer kontaminasyon kayna\u011f\u0131 olmak yerine; yereli, k\u0131rsal\u0131, m\u00fc\u015ftereklerimizi savunman\u0131n, lokal u\u011fra\u015flara eklemlenmenin ve bu unsurlar\u0131 bulundu\u011fumuz yerlerde hayata ge\u00e7irmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn h\u00e2le gelir. Yuvaya dair fark\u0131ndal\u0131k \u00f6ncelikle, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz binalar\u0131n, \u00fcst\u00fcnde gezindi\u011fimiz asfalt\u0131n bir vakitler yaban\u0131l alanlar oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rlamakla ba\u015flar. Ya da yol kenarlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz bitkilerin bir\u00e7oklar\u0131n\u0131n hayli besleyici besinler oldu\u011funu fark etmemizle\u2026 Hem d\u0131\u015fsal hem de i\u00e7sel tabiat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n polik\u00fclt\u00fcrden monok\u00fclt\u00fcre hakikat d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu; sokaklar, parklar, k\u0131y\u0131lar \u00fczere m\u00fc\u015fterek alanlar\u0131n g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne \u00e7itlenerek bizden uzakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fimlere g\u00fcnbeg\u00fcn daha ilgisiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ve t\u0131pk\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterek alanlar \u00fczere i\u00e7sel tabiat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n da parsellenmekte oldu\u011funu fark etmemizle\u2026 Yak\u0131n etraf\u0131m\u0131zla olan ba\u011flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirdik\u00e7e, uzak yereller aramak yerine, i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz ba\u011flar a\u011f\u0131nda yesyeni bir yerelli\u011fi in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flayabiliriz. S\u00f6zgelimi bir apartman idaresinde yer alma, etraf d\u00fczenlemelerine kat\u0131lma, yol kenarlar\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ekim alanlar\u0131 olu\u015fturma, mahalle dayan\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve ortak \u00fcretim pratiklerinde bulunma, besin topluluklar\u0131 kurma, besin siyasetlerinde kelam sahibi olma, m\u00fc\u015fterekleri savunma ve yesyeni m\u00fc\u015fterek alanlar yaratma yapabilece\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok \u015feyin sadece birinci ad\u0131mlar\u0131 olur. Ve bu birinci ad\u0131mlar o kadar k\u0131ymetlidir ki, besbelli bir de\u011fi\u015fim yaratamasak bile, nerede olursak olal\u0131m yerelli\u011fin tekrar in\u015fas\u0131na ba\u015flamam\u0131z\u0131, Antroposen\u2019e dair yerelden bir kavray\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmemizi sa\u011flar. Ki\u015fisel ya da k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluklarla ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tecr\u00fcbeler elbette k\u00e2fi olmayacakt\u0131r. Lakin belle\u011fin ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n olu\u015fabilmesi, d\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya dair ilgi ve kay\u0131ts\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in, imk\u00e2ns\u0131z uzakl\u0131klar yerine \u201c\u015fimdi ve burada\u201dya odaklanan yakla\u015f\u0131mlar ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn gezegenimizin s\u00fcratli bir yava\u015fl\u0131\u011fa, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011fe ve global bir yerelli\u011fe gereksinim duydu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz. S\u00fcratli, b\u00fcy\u00fck ve global bir gereksinimin yava\u015f, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve lokal olarak kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 birinci bak\u0131\u015fta \u00e7eli\u015fkili g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ancak tam da bu \u00e7eli\u015fkili durumu kavrayabilecek yeni bir zihin yap\u0131s\u0131na muhta\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z var. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ceplerdeki devinimlerimizin tesiri sonlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. T\u0131pk\u0131 korunmu\u015f mikroiklimlere ahenk sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f canl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6b\u00fcr ekosistemlerde varl\u0131k g\u00f6steremedi\u011fi \u00fczere, hudutlu yerlerdeki hudutlu tecr\u00fcbelerimiz apayr\u0131 atmosferlerde hi\u00e7bir i\u015fe yaramayabilir. Lakin makro d\u00fcnya sand\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan daha fazla hareket halindedir; s\u0131rf k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir y\u00f6reye mahsus \u015fartlar\u0131n ans\u0131z\u0131n genel \u015fartlara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve lokal tecr\u00fcbelerin bir anda \u00f6nc\u00fc devinimler haline geldi\u011fi say\u0131s\u0131z \u00f6rnek vard\u0131r. Seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmayan bir bitkinin, \u00f6z\u00fcne dair kal\u0131t\u0131msal bilgiyi tohumlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uzaklara sa\u00e7mas\u0131 \u00fczere, mahall\u00ee tecr\u00fcbelerimiz de kurdu\u011fumuz modeller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla seyahat edebilir ve vaktini bekleyebilir. Global salg\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle iklim krizi \u015fartlar\u0131nda, d\u0131\u015f \u015fartlar\u0131n ne kadar kolay ve geni\u015f \u00e7apta de\u011fi\u015febildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermeye yetmi\u015f olmal\u0131. B\u00f6ylelikle gereksinim duydu\u011fumuz, s\u00fcratli bir yava\u015fl\u0131k, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fck ve global bir yerellik s\u00fcreksiz de olsa m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmi\u015fti. Ama buna haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 de\u011fildik. Zira yeni makro \u015fartlarda devinip paradigmay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek mikro modeller geli\u015ftirememi\u015ftik. \u00d6teki bir deyi\u015fle end\u00fcstriyel tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, a\u011f\u0131r fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131, global hava trafi\u011fi \u00fczere olgularla karakterize olan \u201cnormalin\u201d kendisini sorun etmeden, s\u00fcratlice \u201cnormale\u201d d\u00f6nmeyi istemi\u015ftik. As\u0131l s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131, bir dahakine haz\u0131r olabilecek miyiz?<\/p>\n

*Ege \u00dcniversitesi, G\u00fcne\u015f G\u00fcc\u00fc Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, G\u00fc\u00e7 Teknolojisi K\u0131sm\u0131 <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Yuvadan ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kopar\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n hikayesiyse Antroposen, bug\u00fcn yuvam\u0131z\u0131 tamamen kaybetmek \u00fczere oldu\u011fumuzu, hatta global \u015firketlere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunmu\u015f m\u00fclteciler oldu\u011fumuzu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[418,2047,484,1846,895],"yoast_head":"\nAntroposen\u2019e yerelden bakmak - Oren Haber Son Dakika Haberler<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"haber\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"21 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"haber\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/#\/schema\/person\/0005b25b37b7106be33dd26499808c89\"},\"headline\":\"Antroposen\u2019e yerelden bakmak\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-04-12T09:30:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-12T09:30:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/\"},\"wordCount\":4235,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Ba\u015f\",\"Do\u011fal\",\"\u0130\u00e7inde\",\"K\u0131rsal\",\"Yerel\"],\"articleSection\":[\"K\u00fclt\u00fcr Sanat\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/antroposene-yerelden-bakmak\/\",\"name\":\"Antroposen\u2019e yerelden bakmak - 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