{"id":35132,"date":"2023-10-18T06:01:27","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T03:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/?p=35132"},"modified":"2023-10-18T06:01:27","modified_gmt":"2023-10-18T03:01:27","slug":"turler-arasi-genom-savaslari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.orenhaber.com\/turler-arasi-genom-savaslari\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrler aras\u0131 genom sava\u015flar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
Cemal \u00dcn*<\/strong><\/p>\n K\u00f6klerinden yere ba\u011fl\u0131 zeytin ve \u00e7\u0131nar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00fczerlerinde umars\u0131zca dola\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7imenler, sokaktaki kediler, k\u00f6pekler, 10 bin y\u0131l evvel evcille\u015ftirerek etini s\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc beslenmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z koyun, ke\u00e7i, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, domuz, bunlara yap\u0131\u015farak kanlar\u0131n\u0131 emen keneler ve pireler… D\u0131\u015far\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vakit birbirinden farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de biyoloji bilimi bunlar\u0131, genomlar\u0131n\u0131 saklama ve o genomun \u015fifrelerini kullanma \u00fcsluplar\u0131 benzeri oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in t\u0131pk\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f canl\u0131 k\u00fcmesi olarak isimlendirmi\u015f ve \u00f6karyot canl\u0131lar ismini vermi\u015f. Bu canl\u0131lar genomlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fccrelerinin i\u00e7inde \u00f6zel bir b\u00f6lmede, h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011finin i\u00e7ine gizlemi\u015fler. H\u00fccre yap\u0131s\u0131 bulunmakla bir arada h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011fi bulundurmayan, hasebiyle genomu h\u00fccre i\u00e7erisinde \u00f6zg\u00fcr duran bakteriler ise ba\u015fka bir k\u00fcme olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir s\u0131n\u0131f olsa da bakteriler de \u00f6teki canl\u0131lar \u00fczere genom olarak d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 harfin (A, T, C ve G) art geriye dizili halinden olu\u015fan bir yap\u0131 kullan\u0131yorlar.<\/p>\n Bir de \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir k\u00fcme var ki biyoloji bilimi bunlar\u0131 canl\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na m\u0131 yoksa cans\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na m\u0131 koyaca\u011f\u0131na \u015fimdi karar verememi\u015f! Lakin bunlar\u0131n da genomu var. Vir\u00fcs ismi verilen bu varl\u0131klar, kolay yap\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n genomlar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garantiye alarak onlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7o\u011faltmak i\u00e7in, \u00e7ar\u00e7abuk hem genomlar\u0131 \u00e7ekirdek i\u00e7inde saklanm\u0131\u015f canl\u0131lar\u0131n h\u00fccrelerini hem de h\u00fccre \u00e7ekirde\u011fi bulunmayan bakterileri esir alarak kendi \u00fcremeleri i\u00e7in kullanabiliyorlar. Vir\u00fcsler, genom olarak DNA\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra RNA\u2019y\u0131 da kullanabiliyorlar. RNA da DNA \u00fczere d\u00f6rt harften olu\u015fuyor, bir tek farkla, T yerine U bulunduruyor. Ayr\u0131yeten DNA\u2019ya oranla korunmas\u0131 daha g\u00fc\u00e7, \u00e7ok fazla de\u011fi\u015fime maruz kalabiliyor. Birinci ba\u015fta zay\u0131fl\u0131k \u00fczere g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bu \u00f6zellik RNA genomu ta\u015f\u0131yan vir\u00fcslerin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc yan\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor; bu de\u011fi\u015fim sayesinde kendilerine \u00e7ar\u00e7abuk istila edip kullanabilecekleri yeni h\u00fccreler bulabiliyorlar.<\/p>\n GENOM SAVA\u015eININ A\u00c7TI\u011eI YARALAR<\/b><\/p>\n Genomlar kendilerini kopyalayarak \u00e7o\u011falmak ve sonraki nesillere aktar\u0131larak varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in, i\u00e7lerinde bulunduklar\u0131 h\u00fccreleri ve m\u00fcnasebetiyle canl\u0131y\u0131 adeta bir kumanda merkezi \u00fczere y\u00f6netirler. Genomun kopyalanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015fardan A, T, C, G \u00fczere DNA yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Bunlar da lakin \u00f6b\u00fcr canl\u0131lar\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor ve ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak di\u011fer canl\u0131lar\u0131n yenmesi ve genomlar\u0131n\u0131n par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 gerekiyor. Par\u00e7alanan genomlar\u0131n yap\u0131 ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kendi genomlar\u0131n\u0131n kopyalanmas\u0131 imkanl\u0131 hale geliyor. B\u00fct\u00fcn canl\u0131lar ortas\u0131nda m\u00fcddet gelmekte olan bu genom sava\u015flar\u0131nda insan \u00f6zel bir pozisyona sahip olmakla bir arada tarih, insan\u0131n bu sava\u015flardan b\u00fcy\u00fck yaralar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n